Realist Approach to Foreign Policy in Syria Research Paper

Pragmatist Approach to Foreign Policy in Syria - Research Paper Example oreign relations methodologies that personal responsibility and are picked by a nation to shield their national intrigue so they can accomplish objectives inside their universal relations. The systems utilized here are comparable to different nations and as such associate with those nations (Hinnebusch, 2002). This paper in this way looks to break down the pragmatist way to deal with international strategy in Syria; what do/would Hans Morgenthau and John Mearsheimer says about that; how they would decipher it; and why. Further the paper will give a concise end regarding the matter issue †international strategy. Comparable to the US international strategy in Syria, there in deed exist two differentiating sides in the discussion. They are the pragmatists and the ‘declinists’. The pragmatists consider the to be as one that favors the implementers understanding their advantage while the declinists suspect something. Obama’s organization could be taking part in an extremely watched yet in addition authentic tact with this nation Syria. Is it an issue of extraordinary forces having a circle impact? The utilization of battle to end a battle or rather battling a war with the aim of forestalling or consummation one is the thing that the opposite side sees. These two rival sides looks for contend their sides dependent on their perceptions and examination of the international strategy in Syria. The international strategy creases an all around figured thought and the resultant results can be surveyed from the perspective of the authorities. Be that as it may, an examination of the pragmatist way to deal with international strategy in Syria has a ton to uncover. The pragmatist hypothesis underpins the possibility that international strategy as a flippant field needs a methodology that has a logical force contemplations according to national interests and not an interest to objectives that are a countries standards (Mearsheimer, 2014). In the Middle East, Syria as a nation has been a basic force in keeping up a parity. The pragmatist hypothesis, accepts that states should act in understanding to their essential needs and not foundations or global standards they

The Research of Ground Services, Airlines and Airports Relationship

The examination of ground administrations, aircrafts and air terminals relationship Abstract The motivation behind this report is to research the air terminal ground benefits, the connection among air terminals and carriers, and the extent of ground administrations. The outcomes demonstrated that air terminals are multifunction administration focus that offer a huge scope of administrations to carriers and their travelers, air terminals and aircrafts are exceptionally associated. Be that as it may, the connection among air terminals and aircrafts become rivalry, privatization, and globalization inside the business. 1. 0Introduction Airports are a fundamental piece of the air transport framework. They give all the framework expected to empower travelers and cargo to move from surface to air methods of transport and to permit aircrafts to take off and land’(Anne 2012, p. 1). It is contended that the basic air terminal foundation are made out of runways, runways, cover space, doo rs, traveler and cargo terminals, and ground transport trades. So as to be equipped for satisfying their job inside the air transport industry, air terminals total various of offices and administrations (Anne 2012).These administrations could incorporate ‘air traffic control, security, fire and salvage in the airfield’ (Anne 2012, p. 1). Taking care of offices are furnished to travelers with their things, transport among airplane and terminals, and taking care of inside the terminal. On different, air terminals additionally give an enormous scope of business administrations comprise of shops and cafés to inns, gathering administrations and business parks (Anne, 2012). This report will investigate the core ground administrations to the carriers at air terminal, it will likewise show the importance among air terminal and airlines.Finally, it will express the procedure and exercises of ground administrations. 2. 0Findings 2. 1 Key ground benefits The core ground administr ations of air terminal are ground administrations. Ground dealing with exercises at air terminals are very noteworthy to aircrafts (Anne 2012). They impact both to an airline’s cost and the nature of administration which air terminals offer to their travelers. Ground dealing with administrations could isolate into ‘passenger taking care of, stuff taking care of, cargo and mail taking care of, incline taking care of, fuel and oil taking care of, and airplane administrations and maintenance’. Anne 2012, p. 126) These exercises are frequently give between ‘terminal or traffic dealing with, which is traveler registration, stuff and cargo taking care of, and airside or incline taking care of, which covers exercises, for example, airplane stacking and emptying, cleaning and servicing’ (Anne 2012, p. 126). Once in a while, these administrations are given by the air terminal administrators, in any case, the vast majority of air terminals are given via aircra fts or taking care of specialists (Anne, 2012). 2. 2 The connection between the air terminals and airlinesTyler (2011), IATA’s chief general and CEO contends that ‘airports and aircrafts share a typical enthusiasm for making avionics more secure, progressively secure, easy to understand, operationally productive and ecologically responsible’. It is contended that ‘an air terminal and an aircraft at one air terminal are, essentially of the business, together creation a business venture at the airport’ (Hihara 2010, p. 2). Air terminal is to offer related support to aircrafts, in return for landing charge, simultaneously, carrier give air transport administration to the air terminal, with or without stimulative cash from the airport.These two administrations are not divisible in one sense that each assistance may not exist without the other. ‘Also they are in a vital reciprocal relationship, where one side’s exertion could improve its own as well as the different side’s commitment to the estimation of the joint project’ (Hihara 2010, p. 2). For example, air terminal expects to improve air terminal administrations for motivation behind expanding the appeal of the air terminal and help airline’s confined accomplishment to bring more travelers, because of both winding up in getting a charge out of more salaries. In this way further endeavors emerging from such legally binding relationship notwithstanding such reliant relationship could can possibly fundamentally upgrade the estimations of the venture the two sides are partaking in’ (Hihara 2010, p. 2). Notwithstanding, Anne (2012) contends that ‘airlineâ€airport relationship is changing, being driven by patterns towards more noteworthy rivalry, privatization, and globalization inside the industry’.At a similar time, ‘the airlineâ€airport relationship is beginning to turn out to be significantly more to do with the con necting of two exclusive universal organizations, as opposed to two state claimed associations worked inside the restrictions of national laws and regulations’ (Anne 2012, p. 132). 2. 3 Ground Services Model There are three sorts of ground dealing with models, truly; ground taking care of administrations may regularly constrained by the national carrier or air terminal administrator. Some air terminal administrators, for example, Milan, Rome, Vienna, and Frankfurt air terminals, which have been intensely associated with such exercises, acquire exceptionally noteworthy incomes from such exercises †now and then over a large portion of the complete salary of the airport’ (Anne 2012, p. 126). On the opposite side, the carriers administrator will simply pay rental expenses and maybe a little concession charge to the air terminals, and aircrafts or outsider ground taking care of organizations would give the taking care of administrations. ‘Countries in Europe wher e the national carrier has had a taking care of imposing business model incorporate Spain with Iberia and Greece with Olympic’ (Anne 2012, p. 26). It is accepted that ‘European air terminals demonstrated 44 percent of airplane developments were taken care of via air terminal administrators, 27 percent were self-dealt with by the national transporter, 8 percent were dealt with by the national bearer for different aircrafts, 7 percent were taken care of by autonomous ground handlers, and the staying 14 percent were self taken care of by different carriers. On the other hand, as far as traveler numbers, just 16 percent were dealt with by the air terminal administrator, again 7 percent by autonomous ground handlers and the rest via airlines’ (Anne refered to in Deutsche Bank, 2012).Furthermore, ‘the connection among air terminals and aircrafts in the United States is one of a kind as is deserving of extraordinary consideration’ (Anne 2012, p. 129). Anne (2012) likewise contends that ‘the air terminals and aircrafts go into lawfully restricting agreements incorporate air terminal use and rent understandings which detail the charges and rental rates which a carrier needs to pay, the technique by which these are to be determined and the conditions for the utilization of both landing strip and terminal facilities’.The key purpose behind the presence of these understandings is private bondholders need a conventional connection between the air terminals and carriers before putting resources into the air terminal. 2. 4 The extent of air terminal ground administrations Ground dealing with as the most noteworthy administrations to carriers at air terminal, it could be partitioned into three angles, traveler taking care of, load taking care of and incline taking care of. Traveler taking care of †¢ Ticking: ticket reservation, ticker deals, scratch-offs, and rebooking †¢ Check: under control in administration and issue loading up cards Boarding: check loading up card, cross-checking traveler list, check distinguishing proof and call missing travelers †¢ Flight data: flight timetables, traveler and things data †¢ Pick-up administration: stuff following and conveyance †¢ VIP and individual help: offer uncommon support to VIP, youngster, crippled and old †¢ different administrations: seating, bathroom, toilets, obligation free stores, account, and so on ( Munich Airport, 2013) Cargo taking care of †¢ Document taking care of: mail and essential paper taking care of ( Munich Airport, 2013) †¢ Baggage taking care of: it could be isolated into two sections . Flight things taking care of: convey stuff to registration, labeling and gauging, transport of stuff to airside, masterminding and pressing, convey things to planeside and stacking onto airplane (Ashford, N. , Stanton, H. , and Moore, C. ,1997) 2. Appearance stuff dealing with: emptying from airplane, convey to terminal, masterminding and stacking onto guarantee gadgets, transport to recover zone, declaration of things recover, and transport from recover zone. (Ashford, N. , Stanton, H. , and Moore, C. 1997) Ramp taking care of †¢ Towing: towing of airplane †¢ Maintenance: flight investigation, cooling, ground power flexibly, and deicing. †¢ Replenishment: filling, providing food †¢ Sanitation: fuselage and lodge cleaning. ( Munich Airport, 2013) 3. 0 Conclusion Based on discoveries, it very well may be discovered that the essence ground administrations of air terminals are ground taking care of, air terminals and carriers are profoundly rely upon one another, they are multifunction administration focus that give a huge scope of administrations o aircrafts and their travelers on the medium or minimal site of an air trip. Nonetheless, the connection among air terminals and carriers become rivalry, privatization, and globalization. References Ashford, N. , Stanton, H. , and Moore, C. 1997 , Airport Operations, second edn, McGraw-Hill, New York. Anne, G 2012, Managing Airports, Taylor and Francis distributing, London, UK, saw 10 April 2013, RMIT University library database. Hihara, K 2010, Analysis on Airport-Airline Relationship with Risk Sharing Contract, saw 10 April 2013. lt; http://www. pp. u-tokyo. air conditioning. jp/inquire about/dp/archives/GraSPP-DP-E-10-001_ITPU-DP-E-10-001. pdf>. Munich Airport 2013, business and accomplices, ground dealing with administrations, saw 10 April 2013. < http://www. munich-air terminal. de/en/business/branchen/gh/file. jsp>. Tyler , T 2011, ‘Innovation in Airline-Airport Cooperation’, Press room, 2 November, saw 10 April 2013. < http://www. iata. organization/pressroom/pr/pages/2011-11-02-01. aspx>.

Financial Cheating in Marriage

Financial Cheating in Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Financial Cheating in Marriage By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 04, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on February 04, 2020 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse A stash of money in the bottom of a cookie jar probably isnt going to destroy your marriage. But realizing that your spouse cheats on you financially could be the beginning of the end of your marriage. In an already troubled marriage, financial infidelity could be what makes you decide to call it quits. One of the common warning signs or red flags in a marriage is lying about money. Even though one in three Americans admits to lying about money to their spouse,?? the issue is too important to avoid. Small lies about finances can lead to even more damaging behaviors in your marriage. According to a survey described in a 2011 article,  Is Your Partner Cheating on You Financially? 31% Admit Money Deception  by Jenna Goudreau...  Over half of all financial cheaters admitted hiding cash (58%) or minor purchases (54%). Of the offenders, 30% have hidden a bill, 16% have hidden a major purchase, 15% had a secret bank account, 11% lied about their debts and another 11% lied about the amount of money they earned.?? Boston-based family therapist Carleton Kendrick has been counseling couples for over 30 years and says money deception has become a huge issue in the last decade. Kendrick says the chief reasons people lie about money to their partners are pragmatism, control, guilt, and fear. The pragmatic lie may result from planning an eventual split and not wanting the other to know how much money is available. Financial infidelity for control may include revenge spending, as one partner overspends to prove their independence or to get back at the other for something lacking in the relationship. Knowingly irresponsible behavior may cause guilt and embarrassment, so the person attempts to cover it up. Deceit may also occur because they fear their partner’s reaction to the truth.  ?? A Few Financial Cheating Red Flags Your spouse  lies  to other people about expenditures or income.??When you want to talk with your spouse about money, he or she becomes defensive or refuses to discuss finances.Your spouse handles all the responsibility of paying bills and doesnt want you to know anything about the family finances.??You realize that your spouse is spending more than the two of you can afford.The two of you argue about money more often.You discover secret bank accounts or secret debts.??Your spouses spending habits change suddenly.One or both of you begin revenge spending.Your spouse has lied to you before about money.??You just have a gut feeling that your spouse is hiding something from you concerning your finances.You dont trust your spouse.?? What to Do About Financial Infidelity in Your Marriage Dont bury your head in the sand.  Its time to have a difficult and serious talk about your finances with your spouse.Tell your spouse about any feelings you have about lying or being lied to about your finances. Your concerns, guilt, anger, panic, sense of being betrayed, embarrassment, helplessness, etc. You need to be heard by your spouse.  If you are the cheater, admit you made a mistake, stop lying about your finances. Make a decision to be honest, open, and to keep your promises. Accept your responsibility for bringing financial infidelity into your marriage. And sincerely  apologize.Be realistic about what can and cant be done to salvage your financial situation.Set up separate checking accounts along with a joint account. Decide together how much you can each deposit in the personal accounts and a joint account. It is important that you both agree that those funds are yours individually to do with what you want.  Have a weekly discussion about the state of your finances. It do esnt have to be long, but make time to check on your accounts together and talk about upcoming bills, issues, goals, hopes, etc.  If these suggestions dont help, seek financial and/or marriage counseling. Lying, hiding or being secretive about money is a big marriage no-no. If there is a problem in regard to this, it is time to fix it with respect and integrity.   Article updated by  Marni Feuerman

Taking a Look at Peripheral Neuropathy - 1118 Words

Peripheral neuropathy is a fairly common neurological problem and is a generalized term that means that there is a disorder in the peripheral nervous system. Being that this is a broad definition and includes many varieties and causes of peripheral nerve disease, a proper diagnosis is needed for the definition to be specified. The overall prevalence of the condition is about 2400 (2 ·4%) per 100 000 population, but in people older than 55 years, the prevalence rises to about 8000 (8%) per 100 000. (Simpson, 2010) Yet this does not include traumatic peripheral nerve injuries meaning that the number of peripheral neuropathy in our society is greater. In first world countries, the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (Loganathan, 2006) Due to the fact that the diagnose of diabetes mellitus has increased in our general population of the USA, the amount people in risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is also expected to increase. In our case we are dealing with diabetic peripheral neuropathy that results from nerve damage due to the high blood glucose levels diabetics. About 60 to 70 percent of people who have had diabetes for many years have some form of nerve damage, but not everyone has symptoms. (Inzucchi, 2012) Common types of diabetic neuropathy are those that affect the limbs along with theShow MoreRelatedWhat Do If Someone You Love Has Neuropathy2073 Words   |  9 PagesWhat to Do If Someone You Love Has Neuropathy If someone you love has neuropathy and suffers from chronic, often debilitating pain, you probably know all too well how seriously it can wear a person down — physically, emotionally, spiritually — and affect their overall quality of life. Sometimes though, it’s hard to know exactly what to do for someone who is chronically ill, especially when you are also feeling the effects of your loved ones illness. While you can’t solve all of their problems, youRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ( Dnp )1949 Words   |  8 PagesProblems Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DNP), also know as Neuropathy nerve damage. â€Å"Diabetes can impair blood flow to your feet and cause nerve damage† (Castro 180). High blood sugar can injure nerve fibers throughout your body, but diabetic neuropathy most often damages nerves in legs and feet. â€Å" Enigmatically, recent reports have described that long-term tight glycemic control may be major risk factor for the development of diabetic neuropathy† (Zhang, et al. 1). Diabetic neuropathy can also affectsRead MoreHealth And Patient Education For Diabetic Foot Care1342 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor will take a look at daily foot care and prevention of ulcers. 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But many of you know all of these facts already, so I am reiterating them to open your eyes, to help you see and encourage you to recognize that diabetes is still a problem and despite the millions of dollars spent by our governmentRead MoreMetabolism : Risk For Injury Patients With Diabetes And Osteoporosis Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated to diabetes may cause alterations in serum potassium and sodium levels, which, may cause cardiovascular and neurologic disturbances (Pearson, 2015). Other risk factors include environmental hazards and alterations in sensation, such as peripheral neuropathy (Ladwig, Ackley, Makic, 2017). Risk factors that may cause a patient with osteoporosis to be put at risk for injury include environmental hazards such as clutter and drug related cardio effects (Ladwig, Ackley, Makic, 2017). DecreasesRead MoreSystemic Lupus Erythmatosus Essay example1364 Words   |  6 Pagesno single test that can determine if a person has lupus. 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Indeed, this paper, after the overview given on diabetes, is really about diabetic foot ulcer asRead MoreEvaluation Of The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment3770 Words   |  16 Pageswidowed and lives alone in a small town that borders a major city. Her hobbies include word search puzzles, watching soap operas, participating in water aerobics and talking on the phone to her family. She is a patient with arthritis, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. The needs and goals identified by the patient are that she wants to remain at her optimal level of health, continue living independently and avoid further functional decline due to her diagnoses. Physical HealthRead MoreDr Marie Tooth Dystrophy ( Cmt ) Is A Disease That s Unrecognized Among The Public1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdo ourselves to treat it and control it, could potentially make it a no-longer life disabling disorder. 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Love and Friendship in the Epic of Gilgamesh Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Aruru makes Enkidu, whose transformation from beast to human being shows parallels with Gilgamesh’s evolution as a humane human being too. To continue with the same point, Enkidu lives like an animal, but he awakens from his beastly stature after having sexual relations with Shamhat, and, as a parallel experience, Gilgamesh becomes more human when he is humbled after Enkidu almost defeats him. After making love with Shamhat, Enkidu changes within and so does Gilgamesh because they figure out that being human is seeing their own weaknesses by witnessing them in others and accepting them as part of their humanity. Enkidu becomes a human being as he realizes his need for fraternal relationships: â€Å"Becoming aware of himself, he sought a friend† (Gilgamesh 1.194-204). Enkidu realizes that without a friend, his life is incomplete. Having a friend like Gilgamesh completes the essence of his humanity because it entails love and support from a real friend. Friendship is e ssential to opening the eyes to one’s human limitations and capabilities. As a corresponding identity-changing experience, Gilgamesh also transforms from being a beast to being human being because of his battle with Enkidu. We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Friendship in the Epic of Gilgamesh or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Enkidu literally and figuratively saves him. Literally, Enkidu fights with Gilgamesh in his battles, and symbolically, he prevents Gilgamesh from being a brutish leader by inspiring him to change. Moreover, the meteorite reflects baptism through fire. Gilgamesh’s battle with Enkidu proves that Gilgamesh might be the mightiest, but he is still a mortal being who needs friends to feel happiness and fulfillment. At the same time, embracing Enkidu as a wife is similar to saying that their bonds are eternal. Gilgamesh becomes a better human being because he realizes that he has been inhumane and it is time to change into a true human being who cares for the welfare of others. Besides changing through seeing the self in others, friendship turns Gilgamesh into a more compassionate and just leader. Sasson explores the relationship between literary motifs in the Epic of Gilgamesh and its author’s historical conditions.

Labor-Management Bargaining Free Essays

The process of labor-management bargaining has evolved since its beginning in the early years of labor negotiations. Since the parties involved in collective bargaining are negotiating a formal contract that both are to be bound by, there are many stresses and tensions that permeate the process. Most early negotiations were filled with drama and emotionalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Labor-Management Bargaining or any similar topic only for you Order Now The struggle has continued today to move toward a more rational process, whereby negotiations are conducted and settled on the facts and more concrete, quantitative arguments. In pursuit of this goal, there are strategies and tactics that can be utilized by both management and unionized labor in order to facilitate a more reasonable contract negotiation. The most beneficial tactics-setting reasonable goals, and researching facts-are employed before the negotiations even begin. First of all, in order to bargain better, it is important to understand just what collective bargaining is. James P. Begin and Edwin F. Beal define collective bargaining as part of an Industrial Relations System. The system of relations consists of: (1) the people who head the organizations that provide goods and services to society, (2) the people who do the work, and (3) the governmental organizations that maintain the society. â€Å"Under capitalism, workers are relatively free to sell their own labor and withhold it at will (Begin, James P., Beal, Edwin F., 3).† This forms a free-will contract in which the employer and employee must decide the terms of employment (Begin, Beal, 3). This provides the basis for the industrial relations system. Before judicial regulations were enacted as a framework for negotiations, the worker and the employer could enter into a verbal contract that would suffice. However, as workers organized themselves into formal labor organizations and elected members to represent them, more formal contracts were needed. The movement of collective bargaining toward a matter of national policy began in 1935 with the enactment of the Wagner Act. This act pronounced two basic principles: (1) employees were to be permitted to form and maintain labor unions of their own choosing without being subjected to coercion, intimidation, or discrimination by employers; and (2) employers were to be required by law to bargain collectively with labor unions designated by their employees on wages, rates of pay, hours, and other conditions of employment. The Wagner Act and others, like the Taft-Hartley Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act, have provided a framework of law within which the collective bargaining process must operate. The legal regulations extend to both the procedural aspects (the manner in which collective bargaining is to be conducted) and to the substantive aspects (the types of subject concerning which collective bargaining is obligatory and which may or may not lawfully be incorporated into collective bargaining agreements). However, the substantive aspect remains relatively unrestricted by law (Torff, Selwyn H., 4-14). It is the substantive aspect that leaves collective bargaining negotiations subject to emotionalism, and illogical and irrational behavior. John Dunlop and James Healy have described four ways in which negotiations can be depicted. The first is a poker game, â€Å"with the larger pots going to those who combine deception, bluff, and luck, or the ability to come up with a strong hand.† The second is an â€Å"exercise in power politics, with the relative strengths of the parties being decisive.† The third, â€Å"a debating society, marked by both rhetoric and name calling.† Fourth and finally they noted a better way-if followed-that a negotiation can be depicted. This is a â€Å"‘rational process,’ with both sides remaining completely flexible and willing to be persuaded only when all the facts have been dispassionately presented (Sloane, Arthur A.; Witney, Fred; 203).† Sloane and Witney have stated, â€Å"all of these characteristics have marked most negotiations over a period of time. The increasing maturity of collective bargaining implies enlargement of the rational process†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This rational process involves the employee, employer, and union settling on the basis of facts rather than name-calling, table pounding, and emotionalism (Sloane, Witney, 203-204). Therefore, in order for collective bargaining to become more rational, certain techniques must be employed. Edward Peters has written a guide to better negotiating titled Strategy and Tactics in Labor Negotiations. In this book he provides good strategies for obtaining a more rational negotiation. The first important step toward better bargaining is to realize the essential nature and purpose of negotiations. In a bargaining conflict, there are three main activities in which each party is involved: (1) attempt to influence each other, the employees, and public opinion by advocating the merits of their respective positions; (2) indicate strength to each other; and (3) explore the possibilities, in terms of each other’s maximum and minimum expectancies, of a settlement without an economic contest, or, at worst, a contest of minimum duration (Peters, Edward, 41). Peters states that sophisticated bargainers often underestimate the importance of good preparation and presentation of their position because they feel that these are just â€Å"window dressing for the harsh realities of economic strength (Peters, 42).† It is true that economic strength is important, but a position reinforced by logic and reason can often exert a crucial influence (Peters, 42). Another step toward better negotiations is preparation and the setting of realistic goals. Peters states that â€Å"the practicality or impracticality of a collective bargaining goal is a matter of foresight, not something to be determined by hindsight (Peters, 60).† An example of this that pertains to management is that sometimes there are items that a union cannot and will not concede. If management does not prepare enough and makes the assumption that the union can and will negotiate on any proposal submitted by management, they risk the possibility of strikes. There are issues over which â€Å"a union will prefer to lose a plant in an economic contest rather than jeopardize itself with a larger group (Peters, 60).† The setting of more realistic goals by management could avoid this detrimental result. In order to set realistic goals, a criteria for realistic goals must be established. Most negotiators, according to Peters, would agree that a realistic goal, to be attained without an economic contest, must be based on the following minimum considerations: (1) has the other party the ability to concede the issue? The employer must be able to concede the issue without serious damage to operations. The union must be able to concede the issue without serious internal injury, or any danger of disintegrating as an organization, or losing out to a rival union; also without seriously impairing its external relationships in the labor movement, or with other employers; (2) are you warranted, by your strength, in setting such a goal? (3) Is your goal within the bargaining expectancy of the other party? This last point may be disregarded only if you are ready to wage an economic contest for your minimum goal (Peters, 61-62). These criteria should be fully examined before setting any goal or pressing any issue in a labor negotiation. Priorities must be established and ranked in order of impact and importance (Richardson, Reed C., 128). Even though setting realistic goals help in negotiations, a course of action must be pursued in order to obtain those goals. Prestige plays an essential role in negotiations. Prestige is an intangible quality in the sense that it is a symbol-a symbol of the potential and actual strengths of the parties in all of their relationships. Prestige reflects itself in the relationship of the parties to each other and especially to the workers in the plant. A union’s basic strength lies in the support of its own membership (Peters, 85-86). Other factors that affect during negotiations are sign language, fringe issues, and negotiable factors. However, the most important tactics take place before the actual negotiations. â€Å"Negotiators who approach the bargaining table without sufficient factual ammunition to handle the growing complexities of labor relations†¦operate at a distinct disadvantage (Sloane, Witney, 213).† Most larger unions and almost all major corporations today have their own research departments to gather data and conduct surveys. Only if both parties research and establish a framework for negotiations can they successfully obtain results within their range of acceptability. With this in mind, collective bargaining can mature to its desired rationality in the management-labor relationship. How to cite Labor-Management Bargaining, Essay examples

Media Violence etc. Essay Example For Students

Media Violence etc. Essay Does the entertainment media reflect the standards of the American people, or does the entertainment media define the standards of the American people? This question is difficult to answer because of the complex interaction between American culture and the entertainment industry. To some extent, the entertainment media does gets feedback on what viewers want to see in the form of Nielson ratings and box office returns. But the simple fact remains that the content produced and delivered by way of television, the film industry, and the major music labels are controlled by a relatively small group of individuals. Entertainment media does not reflect standards of American people. Instead, it defines what the people want. The mass media is controlled by a selected group of people who decide what shows get aired, and what the content of those shows should be. The television ratings system and box office returns provide some feedback, but the only real concern is over what is the most profitable. One major concern with the content of media is the effect it has on very young children. Disney movies have taken quite a beating over the years because of stereotypes they force into childrens minds. Stereotypes in ;The Little Mermaid; are a good example of this. Ariel, the star/role model in the movie, plays the part of a helpless, blundering female. As soon as she was left on her own, she immediately got herself into trouble. There was always a male needing to protect her. Another example of stereotypes is in the movie ;Dumbo;, where the crows that gave Dumbo the magic feather were portrayed as very stereotypical images of African Americans. They were shown as jolly, easy-going, and vulgar. Disneys animated films influence children in their formative years of life. Do we want our children growing up with these corrupt images in their heads? Of course not! But there is not much that can be done about changing the content. If a young girl wishes to grow up to ! be just like Ariel, then what should you tell her? Maybe it is a perfect opportunity for her parents to sit her down and teach her about the differences between fairy tales and reality. Television sitcoms and prime time TV series commonly depict a family with a mom, dad (or even step mom or dad), several children, and a pet or two, all in a fairly stable relationship with one another. Never does abuse, neglect, or other common family problems actually occur in the main family of a sitcom. Again it should be taught to the children at an early age (perhaps in elementary school?) that TV fiction is not an equivalent to reality by any means, and that if their life does not measure up, it is normal, and nothing to be embarrassed about. Then there is product placement in television and movies. In some ways, seeing actual products that people recognize from daily life makes the television and movie sets appear more realistic. So in that way, entertainment media may be reflecting the American people. But, a lot of the brand name products used on movie and television sets are there because a corporate sponsor paid to have their product included the media content. This has become fairly common, and is a smart means of advertising. What is shown on TV and movies looks real to people, so if their product is included in a popular sitcom or movie, the company will most likely find quite an increase in market sales. So, in turn, the entertainment media does in fact define what the public wants as a whole. If a person or group of people disagree with what they see on television, then they have every right to just flip the channel or educate themselves or their children to base their opinions more on individual thought. Explain How The Inherent Strength Of Prussia, Comb Essay .